CentOS 7에서 YUM 패키지 매니저를 사용하여 MySQL을 설치하는 방법

CentOS 7에서 YUM 패키지 매니저를 사용하여 MySQL을 설치하는 방법

MySQL Community 버전 다운로드 링크

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

Mysql-Community

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

Mysql-Community

1. MySQL Community Repository 다운로드 및 설치

MySQL Community Repository 다운로드

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm

MySQL Community Repository 설치

yum install mysql80-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm

MySQL 저장소 목록

yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

$ yum repolist enabled | grep mysql
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64                     MySQL Connectors Co    206
mysql-tools-community/x86_64                          MySQL Tools Communi     94
mysql80-community/x86_64                              MySQL 8.0 Community    367

yum search mysql-community

$ yum search mysql-community
...
==================== N/S matched: mysql-community ====================
mysql-community-client.i686 : MySQL database client applications and tools
mysql-community-client.x86_64 : MySQL database client applications and tools
mysql-community-client-plugins.i686 : Shared plugins for MySQL client applications
mysql-community-client-plugins.x86_64 : Shared plugins for MySQL client applications
mysql-community-common.i686 : MySQL database common files for server and client libs
mysql-community-common.x86_64 : MySQL database common files for server and client libs
mysql-community-devel.i686 : Development header files and libraries for MySQL database client applications
mysql-community-devel.x86_64 : Development header files and libraries for MySQL database client applications
mysql-community-embedded-compat.i686 : MySQL embedded compat library
mysql-community-embedded-compat.x86_64 : MySQL embedded compat library
mysql-community-icu-data-files.i686 : MySQL packaging of ICU data files
mysql-community-icu-data-files.x86_64 : MySQL packaging of ICU data files
mysql-community-libs.i686 : Shared libraries for MySQL database client applications
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 : Shared libraries for MySQL database client applications
mysql-community-libs-compat.i686 : Shared compat libraries for MySQL 5.6.37 database client applications
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 : Shared compat libraries for MySQL 5.6.51 database client applications
mysql-community-release.noarch : MySQL repository configuration for yum
mysql-community-server.x86_64 : A very fast and reliable SQL database server
mysql-community-server-debug.x86_64 : The debug version of MySQL server
mysql-community-test.x86_64 : Test suite for the MySQL database server

2. MySQL Server(mysqld) 설치

sudo yum install -y mysql-community-server

MySQL Server(mysqld) 버전 정보 확인

mysqld -V

$ mysqld -V
/usr/sbin/mysqld  Ver 8.0.31 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

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3. MySQL Server(mysqld) 서비스 관리

MySQL Server를 시작하고 부팅 시 자동으로 시작되도록 활성화합니다.

systemctl --now enable mysqld

systemctl status mysqld

$ systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 화 2022-11-29 13:19:24 KST; 17s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 23448 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 23676 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
    Tasks: 39
   Memory: 442.9M
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─23676 /usr/sbin/mysqld

11월 29 13:18:50 serv-24 systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
11월 29 13:19:24 serv-24 systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

4. 임시 비밀번호 찾기

MySQL Server를 처음 시작할 때 임시 루트 비밀번호가 생성됩니다.

• mysqld.log(/var/log/mysqld.log) 로그 확인
  • [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: i&lSAsQtu2Pq

vim /var/log/mysqld.log

$ vim /var/log/mysqld.log 
2022-11-29T04:18:52.510268Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.31) initializing of server in progress as process 23481
2022-11-29T04:18:52.563802Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-11-29T04:18:56.385512Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-11-29T04:19:04.608254Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: i&lSAsQtu2Pq
2022-11-29T04:19:23.480197Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.31) starting as process 23676
2022-11-29T04:19:23.503277Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-11-29T04:19:23.947482Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-11-29T04:19:24.663295Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-11-29T04:19:24.663381Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel.
2022-11-29T04:19:24.720662Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060, socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock
2022-11-29T04:19:24.720686Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.31'  socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

cat /var/log/mysqld.log | egrep "A temporary password is generated"

$ cat /var/log/mysqld.log | egrep "A temporary password is generated"
2022-11-29T04:19:04.608254Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: i&lSAsQtu2Pq

5. MySQL에 접속 및 비밀번호 변경

임시 비밀번호를 입력하고 MySQL에 접속합니다.

mysql -uroot -p'i&lSAsQtu2Pq'

$ mysql -uroot -p'i&lSAsQtu2Pq'
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.31

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

MySQL ROOT 패스워드 변경

• 임시 루트 비밀번호를 찾았다면 MySQL에 접속하여 비밀번호를 변경합니다.

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'rootPassword1!';

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'rootPassword1!';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

6. 비밀번호 정책 완화하기

현재 정책 확인

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+-------------------------------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name                                   | Value  |
+-------------------------------------------------+--------+
| validate_password.changed_characters_percentage | 0      |
| validate_password.check_user_name               | ON     |
| validate_password.dictionary_file               |        |
| validate_password.length                        | 8      |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count              | 1      |
| validate_password.number_count                  | 1      |
| validate_password.policy                        | MEDIUM |
| validate_password.special_char_count            | 1      |
+-------------------------------------------------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

비밀번호 정책 변경

# MySQL 비밀번호 정책 완화하기
SET GLOBAL validate_password.length = 4;
SET GLOBAL validate_password.mixed_case_count = 0;
SET GLOBAL validate_password.number_count = 0;
SET GLOBAL validate_password.policy = LOW;
SET GLOBAL validate_password.special_char_count = 0;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

현재 정책 확인

SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+-------------------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name                                   | Value |
+-------------------------------------------------+-------+
| validate_password.changed_characters_percentage | 0     |
| validate_password.check_user_name               | ON    |
| validate_password.dictionary_file               |       |
| validate_password.length                        | 4     |
| validate_password.mixed_case_count              | 0     |
| validate_password.number_count                  | 0     |
| validate_password.policy                        | LOW   |
| validate_password.special_char_count            | 0     |
+-------------------------------------------------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7. MySQL 서비스 재시작

MySQL 서비스 재시작 비밀번호를 변경한 후 MySQL 서비스를 다시 시작합니다.

sudo systemctl restart mysqld