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Logrotate를 설정하는 방법
logrotate의 기본적인 설정은 매일 새벽 3시에 실행되도록 되어 있습니다. 이는 대부분의 경우, 시스템 사용량이 가장 적은 시간대이기 때문입니다.
logrotate는 로그 파일을 회전시켜서 로그 파일의 크기나 날짜에 따라 새로운 파일을 생성하고 이전 파일을 삭제하는 등의 작업을 수행합니다. 이 작업은 일반적으로 시스템의 디스크 I/O나 CPU 자원을 많이 사용하기 때문에, 시스템 사용량이 가장 적은 새벽 시간대에 실행되는 것이 좋습니다.
그러나, 이는 logrotate의 기본 설정이며 사용자가 직접 설정을 변경하여 로테이션 시간을 조정할 수도 있습니다. 적절한 시간대를 설정하여 로그를 회전시키는 것이 시스템의 부하를 줄일 수 있습니다. 단, 로그 파일이 지나치게 커서 로그 로테이션에 오랜 시간이 걸릴 경우, 시스템 사용량이 가장 적은 시간대가 아니더라도 적절한 로그 로테이션 주기를 유지하는 것이 좋습니다.
logrotate 명령어
- force
logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.conf- debug mode
logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.conf- verbose
logrotate -v /etc/logrotate.conflogrotate 실행
crond(cron.daily) 데몬이 logrotate 호출한다.
- logrotate
cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate$ cat /etc/cron.daily/logrotate
#!/bin/sh
/usr/sbin/logrotate -s /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status /etc/logrotate.conf
EXITVALUE=$?
if [ $EXITVALUE != 0 ]; then
/usr/bin/logger -t logrotate "ALERT exited abnormally with [$EXITVALUE]"
fi
exit 0- logrotate.conf
cat /etc/logrotate.conf$ cat /etc/logrotate.conf
# see "man logrotate" for details
# rotate log files weekly
weekly
# keep 4 weeks worth of backlogs
rotate 4
# create new (empty) log files after rotating old ones
create
# use date as a suffix of the rotated file
dateext
# uncomment this if you want your log files compressed
#compress
# RPM packages drop log rotation information into this directory
include /etc/logrotate.d
# no packages own wtmp and btmp -- we'll rotate them here
/var/log/wtmp {
monthly
create 0664 root utmp
minsize 1M
rotate 1
}
/var/log/btmp {
missingok
monthly
create 0600 root utmp
rotate 1
}
# system-specific logs may be also be configured here.728x90
logrotate 실행 결과 확인(logrotate.status)
cat /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status$ cat /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status
logrotate state -- version 2
"/var/log/yum.log" 2020-8-14-10:0:0
"/var/log/boot.log" 2020-9-4-3:29:1
"/var/log/chrony/*.log" 2020-8-14-10:0:0
"/var/log/wtmp" 2020-8-14-10:0:0
"/var/log/spooler" 2020-8-30-3:15:1
"/var/log/btmp" 2020-9-1-3:37:1
"/var/log/maillog" 2020-8-30-3:15:1
"/var/log/secure" 2020-8-30-3:15:1
"/var/log/messages" 2020-8-30-3:15:1
"/var/account/pacct" 2020-8-14-10:0:0
"/var/log/cron" 2020-8-30-3:15:1내가 쓰는 명령어
logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/nginx --state /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status --verbose --forcelogrotate 사용법
더보기
logrotate man page
LOGROTATE(8) System Administrator's Manual LOGROTATE(8)
NAME
logrotate ‐ rotates, compresses, and mails system logs
SYNOPSIS
logrotate [-dv] [-f|--force] [-s|--state file] config_file ..
DESCRIPTION
logrotate is designed to ease administration of systems that generate large numbers of log files. It allows automatic rotation, compression,
removal, and mailing of log files. Each log file may be handled daily, weekly, monthly, or when it grows too large.
Normally, logrotate is run as a daily cron job. It will not modify a log multiple times in one day unless the criterion for that log is based on
the log's size and logrotate is being run multiple times each day, or unless the -f or --force option is used.
Any number of config files may be given on the command line. Later config files may override the options given in earlier files, so the order in
which the logrotate config files are listed is important. Normally, a single config file which includes any other config files which are needed
should be used. See below for more information on how to use the include directive to accomplish this. If a directory is given on the command
line, every file in that directory is used as a config file.
If no command line arguments are given, logrotate will print version and copyright information, along with a short usage summary. If any errors
occur while rotating logs, logrotate will exit with non-zero status.
OPTIONS
-?, --help
Prints help message.
-d, --debug
Turns on debug mode and implies -v. In debug mode, no changes will be made to the logs or to the logrotate state file.
-f, --force
Tells logrotate to force the rotation, even if it doesn't think this is necessary. Sometimes this is useful after adding new entries to a
logrotate config file, or if old log files have been removed by hand, as the new files will be created, and logging will continue cor‐
rectly.
-m, --mail <command>
Tells logrotate which command to use when mailing logs. This command should accept two arguments: 1) the subject of the message, and 2)
the recipient. The command must then read a message on standard input and mail it to the recipient. The default mail command is /bin/mail
-s.
-s, --state <statefile>
Tells logrotate to use an alternate state file. This is useful if logrotate is being run as a different user for various sets of log
files. The default state file is /var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status.
--usage
Prints a short usage message.
+-v, --verbose
Turns on verbose mode.
CONFIGURATION FILE
logrotate reads everything about the log files it should be handling from the series of configuration files specified on the command line. Each
configuration file can set global options (local definitions override global ones, and later definitions override earlier ones) and specify log‐
files to rotate. A simple configuration file looks like this:
# sample logrotate configuration file
compress
/var/log/messages {
rotate 5
weekly
postrotate
/usr/bin/killall -HUP syslogd
endscript
}
"/var/log/httpd/access.log" /var/log/httpd/error.log {
rotate 5
mail www@my.org
size 100k
sharedscripts
postrotate
/usr/bin/killall -HUP httpd
endscript
}
/var/log/news/* {
monthly
rotate 2
olddir /var/log/news/old
missingok
postrotate
kill -HUP `cat /var/run/inn.pid`
endscript
nocompress
}
~/log/*.log {}
The first few lines set global options; in the example, logs are compressed after they are rotated. Note that comments may appear anywhere in
the config file as long as the first non-whitespace character on the line is a #.
The next section of the config files defined how to handle the log file /var/log/messages. The log will go through five weekly rotations before
being removed. After the log file has been rotated (but before the old version of the log has been compressed), the command /sbin/killall -HUP
syslogd will be executed.
The next section defines the parameters for both /var/log/httpd/access.log and /var/log/httpd/error.log. They are rotated whenever it grows over
100k in size, and the old logs files are mailed (uncompressed) to www@my.org after going through 5 rotations, rather than being removed. The
sharedscripts means that the postrotate script will only be run once (after the old logs have been compressed), not once for each log which is
rotated. Note that the double quotes around the first filename at the beginning of this section allows logrotate to rotate logs with spaces in
the name. Normal shell quoting rules apply, with ', ", and \ characters supported.
The next section defines the parameters for all of the files in /var/log/news. Each file is rotated on a monthly basis. This is considered a
single rotation directive and if errors occur for more than one file, the log files are not compressed.
The last section uses tilde expansion to rotate log files in the home directory of the current user. This is only available, if your glob library
supports tilde expansion. GNU glob does support this.
Please use wildcards with caution. If you specify *, logrotate will rotate all files, including previously rotated ones. A way around this is
to use the olddir directive or a more exact wildcard (such as *.log).
Here is more information on the directives which may be included in a logrotate configuration file:
compress
Old versions of log files are compressed with gzip(1) by default. See also nocompress.
compresscmd
Specifies which command to use to compress log files. The default is gzip. See also compress.
uncompresscmd
Specifies which command to use to uncompress log files. The default is gunzip.
compressext
Specifies which extension to use on compressed logfiles, if compression is enabled. The default follows that of the configured compres‐
sion command.
compressoptions
Command line options may be passed to the compression program, if one is in use. The default, for gzip(1), is "-6" (biased towards high
compression at the expense of speed). If you use a different compression command, you may need to change the compressoptions to match.
copy Make a copy of the log file, but don't change the original at all. This option can be used, for instance, to make a snapshot of the cur‐
rent log file, or when some other utility needs to truncate or parse the file. When this option is used, the create option will have no
effect, as the old log file stays in place.
copytruncate
Truncate the original log file in place after creating a copy, instead of moving the old log file and optionally creating a new one. It
can be used when some program cannot be told to close its logfile and thus might continue writing (appending) to the previous log file
forever. Note that there is a very small time slice between copying the file and truncating it, so some logging data might be lost. When
this option is used, the create option will have no effect, as the old log file stays in place.
create mode owner group, create owner group
Immediately after rotation (before the postrotate script is run) the log file is created (with the same name as the log file just
rotated). mode specifies the mode for the log file in octal (the same as chmod(2)), owner specifies the user name who will own the log
file, and group specifies the group the log file will belong to. Any of the log file attributes may be omitted, in which case those
attributes for the new file will use the same values as the original log file for the omitted attributes. This option can be disabled
using the nocreate option.
createolddir mode owner group
If the directory specified by olddir directive does not exist, it is created. mode specifies the mode for the olddir directory in octal
(the same as chmod(2)), owner specifies the user name who will own the olddir directory, and group specifies the group the olddir direc‐
tory will belong to. This option can be disabled using the nocreateolddir option.
daily Log files are rotated every day.
dateext
Archive old versions of log files adding a date extension like YYYYMMDD instead of simply adding a number. The extension may be configured
using the dateformat and dateyesterday options.
dateformat format_string
Specify the extension for dateext using the notation similar to strftime(3) function. Only %Y %m %d %H and %s specifiers are allowed. The
default value is -%Y%m%d except hourly, which uses -%Y%m%d%H as default value. Note that also the character separating log name from the
extension is part of the dateformat string. The system clock must be set past Sep 9th 2001 for %s to work correctly. Note that the date‐
stamps generated by this format must be lexically sortable (i.e., first the year, then the month then the day. e.g., 2001/12/01 is ok, but
01/12/2001 is not, since 01/11/2002 would sort lower while it is later). This is because when using the rotate option, logrotate sorts
all rotated filenames to find out which logfiles are older and should be removed.
dateyesterday
Use yesterday's instead of today's date to create the dateext extension, so that the rotated log file has a date in its name that is the
same as the timestamps within it.
delaycompress
Postpone compression of the previous log file to the next rotation cycle. This only has effect when used in combination with compress.
It can be used when some program cannot be told to close its logfile and thus might continue writing to the previous log file for some
time.
extension ext
Log files with ext extension can keep it after the rotation. If compression is used, the compression extension (normally .gz) appears
after ext. For example you have a logfile named mylog.foo and want to rotate it to mylog.1.foo.gz instead of mylog.foo.1.gz.
hourly Log files are rotated every hour. Note that usually logrotate is configured to be run by cron daily. You have to change this configuration
and run logrotate hourly to be able to really rotate logs hourly.
ifempty
Rotate the log file even if it is empty, overriding the notifempty option (ifempty is the default).
include file_or_directory
Reads the file given as an argument as if it was included inline where the include directive appears. If a directory is given, most of the
files in that directory are read in alphabetic order before processing of the including file continues. The only files which are ignored
are files which are not regular files (such as directories and named pipes) and files whose names end with one of the taboo extensions, as
specified by the tabooext directive.
mail address
When a log is rotated out-of-existence, it is mailed to address. If no mail should be generated by a particular log, the nomail directive
may be used.
mailfirst
When using the mail command, mail the just-rotated file, instead of the about-to-expire file.
maillast
When using the mail command, mail the about-to-expire file, instead of the just-rotated file (this is the default).
maxage count
Remove rotated logs older than <count> days. The age is only checked if the logfile is to be rotated. The files are mailed to the config‐
ured address if maillast and mail are configured.
maxsize size
Log files are rotated when they grow bigger than size bytes even before the additionally specified time interval (daily, weekly, monthly,
or yearly). The related size option is similar except that it is mutually exclusive with the time interval options, and it causes log
files to be rotated without regard for the last rotation time. When maxsize is used, both the size and timestamp of a log file are con‐
sidered.
minsize size
Log files are rotated when they grow bigger than size bytes, but not before the additionally specified time interval (daily, weekly,
monthly, or yearly). The related size option is similar except that it is mutually exclusive with the time interval options, and it
causes log files to be rotated without regard for the last rotation time. When minsize is used, both the size and timestamp of a log file
are considered.
missingok
If the log file is missing, go on to the next one without issuing an error message. See also nomissingok.
monthly
Log files are rotated the first time logrotate is run in a month (this is normally on the first day of the month).
nocompress
Old versions of log files are not compressed. See also compress.
nocopy Do not copy the original log file and leave it in place. (this overrides the copy option).
nocopytruncate
Do not truncate the original log file in place after creating a copy (this overrides the copytruncate option).
nocreate
New log files are not created (this overrides the create option).
nocreateolddir
olddir directory is not created by logrotate when it does not exist.
nodelaycompress
Do not postpone compression of the previous log file to the next rotation cycle (this overrides the delaycompress option).
nodateext
Do not archive old versions of log files with date extension (this overrides the dateext option).
nomail Don't mail old log files to any address.
nomissingok
If a log file does not exist, issue an error. This is the default.
noolddir
Logs are rotated in the same directory the log normally resides in (this overrides the olddir option).
nosharedscripts
Run prerotate and postrotate scripts for every log file which is rotated (this is the default, and overrides the sharedscripts option).
The absolute path to the log file is passed as first argument to the script. If the scripts exit with error, the remaining actions will
not be executed for the affected log only.
noshred
Do not use shred when deleting old log files. See also shred.
notifempty
Do not rotate the log if it is empty (this overrides the ifempty option).
olddir directory
Logs are moved into directory for rotation. The directory must be on the same physical device as the log file being rotated, unless copy,
copytruncate or renamecopy option is used. The directory is assumed to be relative to the directory holding the log file unless an abso‐
lute path name is specified. When this option is used all old versions of the log end up in directory. This option may be overridden by
the noolddir option.
postrotate/endscript
The lines between postrotate and endscript (both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using /bin/sh) after the log
file is rotated. These directives may only appear inside a log file definition. Normally, the absolute path to the log file is passed as
first argument to the script. If sharedscripts is specified, whole pattern is passed to the script. See also prerotate. See sharedscripts
and nosharedscripts for error handling.
prerotate/endscript
The lines between prerotate and endscript (both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using /bin/sh) before the log
file is rotated and only if the log will actually be rotated. These directives may only appear inside a log file definition. Normally, the
absolute path to the log file is passed as first argument to the script. If sharedscripts is specified, whole pattern is passed to the
script. See also postrotate. See sharedscripts and nosharedscripts for error handling.
firstaction/endscript
The lines between firstaction and endscript (both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using /bin/sh) once before
all log files that match the wildcarded pattern are rotated, before prerotate script is run and only if at least one log will actually be
rotated. These directives may only appear inside a log file definition. Whole pattern is passed to the script as first argument. If the
script exits with error, no further processing is done. See also lastaction.
lastaction/endscript
The lines between lastaction and endscript (both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using /bin/sh) once after all
log files that match the wildcarded pattern are rotated, after postrotate script is run and only if at least one log is rotated. These
directives may only appear inside a log file definition. Whole pattern is passed to the script as first argument. If the script exits with
error, just an error message is shown (as this is the last action). See also firstaction.
preremove/endscript
The lines between preremove and endscript (both of which must appear on lines by themselves) are executed (using /bin/sh) once just before
removal of a log file. The logrotate will pass the name of file which is soon to be removed. See also firstaction.
rotate count
Log files are rotated count times before being removed or mailed to the address specified in a mail directive. If count is 0, old versions
are removed rather than rotated.
size size
Log files are rotated only if they grow bigger then size bytes. If size is followed by k, the size is assumed to be in kilobytes. If the
M is used, the size is in megabytes, and if G is used, the size is in gigabytes. So size 100, size 100k, size 100M and size 100G are all
valid.
sharedscripts
Normally, prerotate and postrotate scripts are run for each log which is rotated and the absolute path to the log file is passed as first
argument to the script. That means a single script may be run multiple times for log file entries which match multiple files (such as the
/var/log/news/* example). If sharedscripts is specified, the scripts are only run once, no matter how many logs match the wildcarded pat‐
tern, and whole pattern is passed to them. However, if none of the logs in the pattern require rotating, the scripts will not be run at
all. If the scripts exit with error, the remaining actions will not be executed for any logs. This option overrides the nosharedscripts
option and implies create option.
shred Delete log files using shred -u instead of unlink(). This should ensure that logs are not readable after their scheduled deletion; this
is off by default. See also noshred.
shredcycles count
Asks GNU shred(1) to overwrite log files count times before deletion. Without this option, shred's default will be used.
start count
This is the number to use as the base for rotation. For example, if you specify 0, the logs will be created with a .0 extension as they
are rotated from the original log files. If you specify 9, log files will be created with a .9, skipping 0-8. Files will still be
rotated the number of times specified with the rotate directive.
su user group
Rotate log files set under this user and group instead of using default user/group (usually root). user specifies the user name used for
rotation and group specifies the group used for rotation.
tabooext [+] list
The current taboo extension list is changed (see the include directive for information on the taboo extensions). If a + precedes the list
of extensions, the current taboo extension list is augmented, otherwise it is replaced. At startup, the taboo extension list contains
.rpmsave, .rpmorig, ~, .disabled, .dpkg-old, .dpkg-dist, .dpkg-new, .cfsaved, .ucf-old, .ucf-dist, .ucf-new, .rpmnew, .swp, .cfsaved,
.rhn-cfg-tmp-*
weekly [weekday]
Log files are rotated once each weekday, or if the date is advanced by at least 7 days since the last rotation (while ignoring the exact
time). The weekday intepretation is following: 0 means Sunday, 1 means Monday, ..., 6 means Saturday; the special value 7 means each 7
days, irrespectively of weekday. Defaults to 0 if the weekday argument is omitted.
yearly Log files are rotated if the current year is not the same as the last rotation.
FILES
/var/lib/logrotate/logrotate.status
Default state file.
/etc/logrotate.conf Configuration options.
SEE ALSO
gzip(1)
<https://github.com/logrotate/logrotate>
AUTHORS
Erik Troan, Preston Brown, Jan Kaluza.
<https://github.com/logrotate/logrotate>
Linux Wed Nov 5 2002 LOGROTATE(8)logrotate 매일 자정(00시 00분)에 실행하기
crontab -e0 0 * * * /usr/sbin/logrotate /etc/logrotate.conf
참고URL
- Apache 로그 logrotate(로테이드) 설정 : https://scbyun.com/880
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