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쿠버네티스 레플리카셋(Replica Set)
쿠버네티스에서 레플리카셋(ReplicaSet)은 파드(Pod)의 복제본을 관리하는 리소스입니다. 레플리카셋은 지정된 수의 파드 복제본을 유지하도록 보장하며 파드가 비정상적으로 종료되었을 때 새로운 복제본을 생성하여 대체합니다.
레플리카셋의 중요한 특징
- 레플리카 수 유지 : 레플리카셋은 사용자가 지정한 수의 복제본을 유지합니다. 파드가 삭제되거나 종료된 경우 새로운 파드를 생성하여 복제본 수를 유지합니다.
- 라벨 셀렉터 사용 : 레플리카셋은 라벨 셀렉터를 사용하여 자신이 관리하는 파드를 식별합니다. 이를 통해 레플리카셋이 복제하는 파드를 선택할 수 있습니다.
- 스케일링 : 사용자는 필요에 따라 레플리카셋의 복제본 수를 조정하여 애플리케이션을 확장하거나 축소할 수 있습니다.
- 자동 복구 : 레플리카셋은 파드가 비정상적으로 종료되었을 때 해당 파드를 다시 시작하여 클러스터의 안정성을 유지합니다.
nginx 레플리카셋(--replicas=3) 배포
Usage:
kubectl create deployment NAME --image=image -- [COMMAND] [args...] [options]
- nginx 이미지 배포
kubectl create deployment node-app --image=anti1346/node-app:latest --replicas=3 --port=3000
$ kubectl create deployment node-app --image=anti1346/node-app:latest --replicas=3 --port=3000
deployment.apps/node-app created
- nginx 파드 라벨 확인
kubectl get pod --show-labels
$ kubectl get pod --show-labels
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS
node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5 1/1 Running 0 18s app=node-app,pod-template-hash=66b8b74c89
node-app-66b8b74c89-tqgsr 1/1 Running 0 18s app=node-app,pod-template-hash=66b8b74c89
node-app-66b8b74c89-wwbzw 1/1 Running 0 18s app=node-app,pod-template-hash=66b8b74c89
- nginx 파드 갯수 확인
kubectl get pod -l app=node-app
$ kubectl get pod -l app=node-app
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5 1/1 Running 0 63s
node-app-66b8b74c89-tqgsr 1/1 Running 0 63s
node-app-66b8b74c89-wwbzw 1/1 Running 0 63s
- 레플리카켓 정보 확인
kubectl get replicaset -l app=node-app
$ kubectl get replicaset -l app=node-app
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
node-app-66b8b74c89 3 3 3 99s
- 레플리카셋 상세 정보
kubectl describe replicaset node-app-66b8b74c89
$ kubectl describe replicaset node-app-66b8b74c89
Name: node-app-66b8b74c89
Namespace: default
Selector: app=node-app,pod-template-hash=66b8b74c89
Labels: app=node-app
pod-template-hash=66b8b74c89
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/desired-replicas: 3
deployment.kubernetes.io/max-replicas: 4
deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Controlled By: Deployment/node-app
Replicas: 3 current / 3 desired
Pods Status: 3 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
Labels: app=node-app
pod-template-hash=66b8b74c89
Containers:
node-app:
Image: anti1346/node-app:latest
Port: 3000/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal SuccessfulCreate 2m16s replicaset-controller Created pod: node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5
Normal SuccessfulCreate 2m16s replicaset-controller Created pod: node-app-66b8b74c89-wwbzw
Normal SuccessfulCreate 2m16s replicaset-controller Created pod: node-app-66b8b74c89-tqgsr
kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get pods -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -- /bin/bash
$ kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get pods -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -- /bin/bash
root@node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5:/usr/src/app#
curl http://localhost:3000
root@node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5:/usr/src/app# curl http://localhost:3000
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5
Internal IP: 10.244.0.83
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:13:47
node-app 레플리카셋(--replicas=5)
Usage:
kubectl scale [--resource-version=version] [--current-replicas=count] --replicas=COUNT (-f FILENAME | TYPE NAME [options]
- 레플리카셋 수 조정
kubectl scale deployment node-app --replicas=5
$ kubectl scale deployment node-app --replicas=5
deployment.apps/node-app scaled
- 레플리카셋 확인
kubectl get pods -l app=node-app
$ kubectl get pods -l app=node-app
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22 1/1 Running 0 39s
node-app-66b8b74c89-5wwcg 1/1 Running 0 39s
node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5 1/1 Running 0 4m21s
node-app-66b8b74c89-tqgsr 1/1 Running 0 4m21s
node-app-66b8b74c89-wwbzw 1/1 Running 0 4m21s
- 레플리카켓 정보 확인
kubectl get replicaset -l app=node-app
$ kubectl get replicaset -l app=node-app
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
node-app-66b8b74c89 5 5 5 4m39s
- 레플리카셋 상세 정보
kubectl describe replicaset node-app-66b8b74c89
$ kubectl describe replicaset node-app-66b8b74c89
Name: node-app-66b8b74c89
Namespace: default
Selector: app=node-app,pod-template-hash=66b8b74c89
Labels: app=node-app
pod-template-hash=66b8b74c89
Annotations: deployment.kubernetes.io/desired-replicas: 5
deployment.kubernetes.io/max-replicas: 7
deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: 1
Controlled By: Deployment/node-app
Replicas: 5 current / 5 desired
Pods Status: 5 Running / 0 Waiting / 0 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Pod Template:
Labels: app=node-app
pod-template-hash=66b8b74c89
Containers:
node-app:
Image: anti1346/node-app:latest
Port: 3000/TCP
Host Port: 0/TCP
Environment: <none>
Mounts: <none>
Volumes: <none>
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal SuccessfulCreate 5m10s replicaset-controller Created pod: node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5
Normal SuccessfulCreate 5m10s replicaset-controller Created pod: node-app-66b8b74c89-wwbzw
Normal SuccessfulCreate 5m10s replicaset-controller Created pod: node-app-66b8b74c89-tqgsr
Normal SuccessfulCreate 88s replicaset-controller Created pod: node-app-66b8b74c89-5wwcg
Normal SuccessfulCreate 88s replicaset-controller Created pod: node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22
서비스 생성(NodePort)
Usage:
kubectl create service [flags] [options]
- 서비스 확인
kubectl get service node-app
$ kubectl get service node-app
Error from server (NotFound): services "node-app" not found
- 서비스 생성
kubectl create service nodeport node-app --tcp=8080:3000
$ kubectl create service nodeport node-app --tcp=8080:3000
service/node-app created
- NodePort 확인
kubectl get service node-app
$ kubectl get service node-app
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
node-app NodePort 10.96.109.124 <none> 8080:32529/TCP 26s
kubectl get service -l app=node-app
$ kubectl get service -l app=node-app
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
node-app NodePort 10.96.109.124 <none> 8080:32529/TCP 54s
kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get pods -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -- /bin/bash
$ kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get pods -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -- /bin/bash
root@node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22:/usr/src/app#
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cURL 명령어로 서비스 확인
- localhost 아이피 주소로 테스트
curl http://localhost
root@node-app-85fbd7fc8-2fz9v:/usr/src/app# curl http://localhost:3000
Hostname: node-app-85fbd7fc8-2fz9v
Internal IP: 10.244.0.77
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:03:18
- 클러스터 아이피 주소로 테스트
curl http://10.96.109.124:8080
root@node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22:/usr/src/app# curl http://10.96.109.124:8080
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22
Internal IP: 10.244.0.86
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:19:33
root@node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22:/usr/src/app# curl http://10.96.109.124:8080
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5
Internal IP: 10.244.0.83
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:19:35
root@node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22:/usr/src/app# curl http://10.96.109.124:8080
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22
Internal IP: 10.244.0.86
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:19:36
root@node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22:/usr/src/app# curl http://10.96.109.124:8080
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-tqgsr
Internal IP: 10.244.0.82
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:19:36
root@node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22:/usr/src/app# curl http://10.96.109.124:8080
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22
Internal IP: 10.244.0.86
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:19:39
- 쿠버네티스 호스트 서버 아이피 주소로 테스트
curl http://$(minikube ip):32529
$ curl http://$(minikube ip):32529
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-wwbzw
Internal IP: 10.244.0.84
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:24:26
$ curl http://$(minikube ip):32529
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5
Internal IP: 10.244.0.83
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:25:00
$ curl http://$(minikube ip):32529
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-wwbzw
Internal IP: 10.244.0.84
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:25:03
$ curl http://$(minikube ip):32529
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-5wwcg
Internal IP: 10.244.0.85
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:25:06
$ curl http://$(minikube ip):32529
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22
Internal IP: 10.244.0.86
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:25:21
$ curl http://$(minikube ip):32529
Hostname: node-app-66b8b74c89-tqgsr
Internal IP: 10.244.0.82
External IP: 211.239.167.24
Current Time: 2024. 2. 7. 오후 3:26:23
리소스 삭제
Pod 삭제
Usage:
kubectl delete ([-f FILENAME] | [-k DIRECTORY] | TYPE [(NAME | -l label | --all)]) [options]
- 리소스 확인
kubectl get all -l app=node-app
$ kubectl get all -l app=node-app
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
pod/node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22 1/1 Running 0 17m
pod/node-app-66b8b74c89-5wwcg 1/1 Running 0 17m
pod/node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5 1/1 Running 0 21m
pod/node-app-66b8b74c89-tqgsr 1/1 Running 0 21m
pod/node-app-66b8b74c89-wwbzw 1/1 Running 0 21m
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
service/node-app NodePort 10.96.109.124 <none> 8080:32529/TCP 14m
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
deployment.apps/node-app 5/5 5 5 21m
NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE
replicaset.apps/node-app-66b8b74c89 5 5 5 21m
- node-app 파드 삭제
kubectl delete pod node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22
$ kubectl delete pod node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22
pod "node-app-66b8b74c89-49n22" deleted
- node-app 파드 갯수 확인
kubectl get pod -l app=node-app
$ kubectl get pod -l app=node-app
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
node-app-66b8b74c89-5wwcg 1/1 Running 0 19m
node-app-66b8b74c89-tbgp5 1/1 Running 0 23m
node-app-66b8b74c89-tqgsr 1/1 Running 0 23m
node-app-66b8b74c89-wwbzw 1/1 Running 0 23m
node-app-66b8b74c89-zcv4l 1/1 Running 0 59s
Deployment 삭제
kubectl delete deployment node-app
Service 삭제
kubectl delete service node-app
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