리눅스에서 LVM을 사용하여 파일 시스템을 생성하는 방법

리눅스에서 LVM을 사용하여 파일 시스템을 생성하는 방법

LVM을 사용하여 리눅스 시스템에 새로운 물리적인 볼륨(PV), 볼륨 그룹(VG), 논리적인 볼륨(LV)을 만들고 확장하는 절차입니다.

하드 디스크 정보 확인(물리 디스크 확인)

fdisk -l

$ fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0003ee54

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26         548     4194304   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3             548       10444    79485952   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

새로운 파티션 생성

fdisk /dev/sdb

$ fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x35784e8c.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

여기서 새로운 파티션을 생성합니다.

PV(Physical Volume) 생성

• 새로 생성된 파티션 정보 확인

$ fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0003ee54

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          26      204800   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              26         548     4194304   82  Linux swap / Solaris
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3             548       10444    79485952   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x35784e8c

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1        2610    20964793+  8e  Linux LVM

• 물리적 볼륨 생성

pvcreate /dev/sdb1

$ pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  dev_is_mpath: failed to get device for 8:17
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

• 물리적 볼륨 스캔 및 정보 표시

pvscan

$ pvscan
  PV /dev/sdb1                      lvm2 [19.99 GiB]
  Total: 1 [19.99 GiB] / in use: 0 [0   ] / in no VG: 1 [19.99 GiB]

pvdisplay

$ pvdisplay
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "19.99 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name
  PV Size               19.99 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               aR1xaU-UMkS-V2Nr-pYnM-RNgE-Qed2-5eOdaG

VG(Volume Group) 생성

• 볼륨 그룹 생성

vgcreate vg_data01 /dev/sdb1

$ vgcreate vg_data01 /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "vg_data01" successfully created

• 볼륨 그룹 스캔 및 정보 표시

vgscan

$ vgscan
  Reading all physical volumes.  This may take a while...
  Found volume group "vg_data01" using metadata type lvm2

vgdisplay

$ vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_data01
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               19.99 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              5118
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0
  Free  PE / Size       5118 / 19.99 GiB
  VG UUID               MJVUpC-N9HQ-D2Iv-lEes-a3FM-LDcl-BJvQxx

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LV(Logical Volume) 생성

• 논리적 볼륨 생성

lvcreate -L 19.99G -n lv_data01 vg_data01

$ lvcreate -L 19.99G -n lv_data01 vg_data01
  Rounding up size to full physical extent 19.99 GiB
  Logical volume "lv_data01" created

이 명령은 vg_data01 그룹에서 크기가 19.99GB인 lv_data01 논리적 볼륨을 생성합니다.

 

• 논리적 볼륨 스캔 및 정보 표시

lvscan

$ lvscan
  ACTIVE            '/dev/vg_data01/lv_data01' [19.99 GiB] inherit

lvdisplay

$ lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_data01/lv_data01
  LV Name                lv_data01
  VG Name                vg_data01
  LV UUID                p1n4r8-eCnd-efQx-yD3f-aRXP-XUIa-1B5M7q
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time vm1.scbyun.com, 2014-04-14 11:33:29 +0900
  LV Status              available
  # open                 0
  LV Size                19.99 GiB
  Current LE             5118
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0

파일 시스템 생성

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_data01/lv_data01

$ mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_data01/lv_data01
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5240832 blocks
262041 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

파일 시스템 마운트

• 마운트 포인트 생성 및 마운트

mkdir /dataVolume

mount /dev/vg_data01/lv_data01 /dataVolume

• 마운트 확인

$ df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3              75G  3.1G   68G   5% /
tmpfs                 936M     0  936M   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   57M  127M  31% /boot
/dev/mapper/vg_data01-lv_data01
                       20G  172M   19G   1% /dataVolume

 /etc/fstab 편집

• 부팅 시 자동 마운트를 위한 /etc/fstab 업데이트

vim /etc/fstab

• 다음 라인을 추가

/dev/vg_data01/lv_data01 /dataVolume ext4 defaults 1 2

• /etc/fstab 확인

$ cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Apr  3 01:22:11 2014
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
...
/dev/vg_data01/lv_data01 /dataVolume ext4 defaults 1 2

위 명령어는 새로운 파일 시스템을 부팅 시 자동으로 마운트하도록 /etc/fstab 파일을 업데이트합니다.